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<title>SCMOS</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main">sCMOS</span>

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<p><b>sCMOS</b> (<i>scientific Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor</i>) are a type of <a href="CMOS_image_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="CMOS image sensor">CMOS image sensor</a> (CIS).<sup id="cite_ref-LaserFocusWorld_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaserFocusWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sensors are commonly used as components in specific observational scientific instruments, such as <a href="Microscope" title="Microscope">microscopes</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Telescope" title="Telescope">telescopes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sCMOS image sensors offer extremely low noise, rapid <a href="Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame rates</a>, wide <a href="Dynamic_range" title="Dynamic range">dynamic range</a>, high quantum efficiency, <a href="High_resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="High resolution">high resolution</a>, and a large field of view simultaneously in one image.<sup id="cite_ref-Photonics_Online_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Photonics_Online-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evaluation_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evaluation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The sCMOS technology was launched in 2009 during the <i>Laser World of Photonics</i> fair in Munich. The companies <a href="Andor_Technology" title="Andor Technology">Andor Technology</a>, <a href="Fairchild_Camera_and_Instrument" title="Fairchild Camera and Instrument">Fairchild Imaging</a> and <a href="PCO_Imaging" title="PCO Imaging">PCO Imaging</a> developed the technology for <a href="Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">image sensors</a> as a <a href="Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Photonics_Online_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Photonics_Online-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2></div>

<p>Prior to the introduction of the technology, scientists were limited to using either <a href="Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a> or <a href="EMCCD" class="mw-redirect" title="EMCCD">EMCCD cameras</a>, both of which had their own set of technical limitations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While back-illuminated electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) cameras are optimal for purposes requiring the lowest noise and dark currents, sCMOS technology's higher pixel count and lower cost result in its use in a wide range of precision applications. sCMOS devices can capture data in a global-shutter “snapshot” mode over all the pixels or rectangular subsets of pixels, and can also operate in a rolling-shutter mode.<sup id="cite_ref-LaserFocusWorld_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaserFocusWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The cameras are available with a <a href="Monochrome_photography" title="Monochrome photography">monochrome sCMOS image sensors</a> or with <a href="RGB_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB color space">RGB sCMOS image sensors</a>. With sCMOS, digital information for each frame is generated rapidly and with an improved low-light image quality. The latest sCMOS sensors provide low enough noise and do not benefit considerably from lower temperatures as it was with CCDs, allowing researchers to scan across a sample and capture high-quality images.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some disadvantages at this time, (2023), with sCMOS cameras versus related technologies are:

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<ul><li>sCMOS sensors tend be more expensive than traditional CMOS sensors.</li>

<li>sCMOS sensors have a limited resolution compared to other types of sensors like CCD.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_practice">In practice</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="New_York_University_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York University School of Medicine">New York University School of Medicine</a> uses sCMOS cameras for their research. They were used to study biological molecules and processes in real-time at <a href="Nanoscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoscopic">nanometer scale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaserFocusWorld_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaserFocusWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such cameras were also in use in astronomy and <a href="Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Active_pixel_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Active pixel sensor">Active pixel sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Beyond_CMOS" title="Beyond CMOS">Beyond CMOS</a></li>

<li><a href="MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li>

<li><a href="CMOS_amplifiers" class="mw-redirect" title="CMOS amplifiers">CMOS amplifiers</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/print/volume-54/issue-05/features/scientific-cmos-cameras-scmos-cameras-reach-new-levels-of-capability.html">"Photonics Products: Scientific CMOS Cameras: sCMOS cameras reach new levels of capability"</a>. <a href="Laser_Focus_World" title="Laser Focus World">Laser Focus World</a>. 2018.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andor.oxinst.com/learning/view/article/comparing-scmos">"A Comparison of EMCCD vs sCMOS Cameras"</a>. <i>Oxford Instruments</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2020" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, G. E. (2020-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AAS...23517501W">"Will sCMOS replace CCD's for Astronomy?"</a>. <i>American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #235</i>. <b>235</b>: 175.01. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AAS...23517501W">2020AAS...23517501W</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Photonics_Online-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Photonics_Online_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Photonics_Online_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.photonicsonline.com/doc/scientific-cmos-scmos-technology-an-overview-0001">"Photonics Products: Scientific CMOS Cameras: sCMOS cameras reach new levels of capability"</a>. Photonics Online. 2012.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Evaluation-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evaluation_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-7-7338&id=230396"><i>Evaluation of sCMOS cameras for detection and localization of single Cy5 molecules</i></a>, Optics Express, Saumya Saurabh, Suvrajit Maji, and Marcel P. Bruchez, 2012.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://application.wiley-vch.de/berlin/journals/op/09-03/OP0903_S37-S39.pdf"><i>sCMOS – Die eierlegende Wollmilchsau der Bildsensorik?</i></a>, <a href="Wiley-VCH" title="Wiley-VCH">Wiley-VCH</a>, Gerhard Holst, German, 2009</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novuslight.com/scmos-cameras-take-the-scientific-imaging-stage_N8059.html"><i>sCMOS Cameras Take the Scientific Imaging Stage</i></a>, May 7, 2018. Retrieved on October 8, 2018</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanlaboratory.com/914-Application-Notes/173576-How-to-Choose-Between-a-CCD-and-sCMOS-Scientific-Grade-Camera/">"How to Choose Between a CCD and sCMOS Scientific-Grade Camera"</a>. April 29, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ximea.com/support/projects/standard-cameras/wiki/FAQ-X-RAY">"X-Ray cameras with 11 and 16 Mpix"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laserfocusworld.com/detectors-imaging/article/16555375/photonics-products-scientific-cmos-cameras-scmos-cameras-reach-new-levels-of-capability">"StackPath"</a>. <i>www.laserfocusworld.com</i>. 2 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBaker,_R._Jacob2010" class="citation book cs1">Baker, R. Jacob (2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cmoscircuitdesig00bake_827"><i>CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation, Third Edition</i></a></span>. Wiley-IEEE. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cmoscircuitdesig00bake_827/page/n1210">1174</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-470-88132-3</bdi>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://CMOSedu.com">http://CMOSedu.com</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWeste,_Neil_H._E.Harris,_David_M.2010" class="citation book cs1">Weste, Neil H. E.; Harris, David M. (2010). <i>CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems Perspective, Fourth Edition</i>. Boston: Pearson/Addison-Wesley. p. 840. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-321-54774-3</bdi>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://CMOSVLSI.com/">http://CMOSVLSI.com/</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFVeendrick2017" class="citation book cs1">Veendrick, H. J. M. (2017). <i>Nanometer CMOS ICs, from Basics to ASICs</i>. Springer. p. 770. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-319-47595-0</bdi>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://springer.com/cn/book/9783319475950?referer=springer.com">http://springer.com/cn/book/9783319475950?referer=springer.com</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMead,_Carver_A.,_and_Conway,_Lynn1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Carver_Mead" title="Carver Mead">Mead, Carver A.</a>, and <a href="Lynn_Conway" title="Lynn Conway">Conway, Lynn</a> (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontovl00mead"><i>Introduction to VLSI systems</i></a></span>. Boston: Addison-Wesley. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-201-04358-0</bdi>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)</span></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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